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Do you want loudness or sound quality. What kind of music do you listen to? With one ten in a sealed box if I had to guess Id say you want sound quality so go with 1-1.5 cubes.
Can't help you on the door speakers because we have different models, but I can help you on the other question. I would go with 1 cubic foot and use 3/4 MDF. If your building your own sealed is easier and I think sounds better with rock and country. Oh and just my 2 cents for a couple dollars more you could get a 12 and stay with a 500 rms amp and go to 1.25-1.5 cubic feet, you wouldn't be dissapointed.
one more question, on my speakers the tweeter's already have wiring sodered on and i couldn't find any indication of polarity, the black striped wire... is that negitive or positive? i have alpine spr-13's 5.25 componant set.